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The Tonal and the Nagual – Shrinking the Tonal

In this chapter, Castaneda recounts a disorienting experience in which Don Juan “shrinks” his tonal, causing him to be instantly transported a mile and a half away from an airline office to a bustling market. Don Juan explains this phenomenon as a deliberate manipulation of Castaneda’s tonal—the organizing principle of his known world—by startling it into a state of “shyness” or contraction, thereby allowing the nagual to temporarily take over and perform extraordinary feats. Castaneda struggles to reconcile this inexplicable event with his rational mind, prompting Don Juan to emphasize that such experiences exist beyond the realm of reason and are apprehended only through the body, in what he calls “nagual’s time.” The chapter concludes with Don Juan reiterating the importance of a fluid, balanced tonal for a warrior, and hinting at further explorations of the nagual with Don Genaro.

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The Tonal and the Nagual – In Nagual’s Time

Carlos recounts his Thursday return to the market where don Juan had “shoved” him, only to find the coin and book stands only appear on Sundays, confirming the unreality of his previous experience. Don Juan and don Genaro appear, teasing him about his physical appearance. Don Genaro demonstrates extraordinary feats like standing horizontally on a tree trunk and gliding through the air, which Carlos struggles to comprehend and often experiences with physical discomfort or an altered state of perception. Don Juan explains that these are manifestations of the nagual, a non-rational aspect of reality, and emphasizes the importance of a clean tonal (the rational self) to interact with the nagual without being overwhelmed or destroyed. He clarifies that while his role as teacher is to work with Carlos’s tonal, don Genaro, as Carlos’s benefactor, introduces him to the nagual, demonstrating its boundless possibilities, even if the “how” remains indescribable and outside the realm of rational understanding.

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The Tonal and the Nagual – The Whispering of The Nagual

Carlos returns to Don Genaro’s house and is greeted by don Juan and don Genaro, who playfully tease him about his physical appearance. They then accompany him to a field of eucalyptus trees, where don Genaro performs gravity-defying feats, such as standing horizontally on a tree trunk and gliding through the air like an eel. Carlos experiences these events with a mix of awe, physical discomfort, and altered perceptions, such as seeing don Genaro as a furry crocodile. Don Juan explains that these are manifestations of the nagual, a non-rational aspect of reality that can only be witnessed, not explained, and that his role is to protect Carlos’s tonal (rational self) from being overwhelmed. They also discuss the importance of a clean tonal, how the nagual “splits” an individual, and the dangers of indulging in bewilderment when confronting the unknown. Don Juan emphasizes that a warrior must maintain impeccable control and distinguish between the world of the tonal and the world of the nagual, using his will to navigate between them.

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The Tonal and the Nagual – The Wings of Perception

Carlos spends a day in the mountains with don Juan, receiving instructions on his path. Upon returning, he talks with Pablito, don Genaro’s apprentice, who reveals his own terrifying encounters with the nagual, including a bizarre incident with a “breathing” basket. Don Juan and don Genaro later join them, teasing Carlos about his note-taking and sharing a humorous story that subtly highlights the nature of reality. They then induce a state in Carlos where his perception is “split,” allowing him to directly experience the essence of objects and the ground, and later to perceive his own body as an alien form in a surreal landscape. Don Juan explains that these experiences are about “splitting” a man to access his totality and that Carlos’s encounters are a glimpse into the “wings of perception,” which he must learn to unfold without his rational mind interfering.

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The Sorcerers’ Explanation – Three Witnesses to The Nagual

Carlos spends a day with don Juan in the mountains and later converses with Pablito, don Genaro’s apprentice, at don Genaro’s house. Pablito shares terrifying experiences with the nagual, including a detailed account of a possessed basket that transformed into don Juan’s face. Don Juan and don Genaro then return, teasing Carlos about his note-taking and his fear. They engage in a dual whispering technique that “splits” Carlos’s perception, allowing him to experience the essence of a tree and the ground directly, rather than through rational thought. He also has a vivid, dreamlike vision of his body as a distorted, inert form in a surreal yellow landscape with a giant female figure. Don Juan explains that these experiences are crucial for understanding the totality of oneself and are a manifestation of the “wings of perception” and the interaction between the tonal and the nagual. Carlos is left exhausted but with a deeper understanding of the sorcerers’ world, as the experiences demonstrate the possibility of perceiving beyond the ordinary and the importance of allowing the nagual to guide perception.

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The Sorcerers’ Explanation – The Strategy of a Sorcerer

Upon returning home, Carlos finds that his usual bewilderment after extraordinary experiences has diminished, and he feels ready to see don Juan again. Don Juan finds him in a Mexican market and takes him to don Genaro’s favorite spot, where he begins a thorough recapitulation of his teaching strategy. Don Juan explains that his role as teacher has been to “clean and reorder” Carlos’s tonal (the rational self) by guiding his attention, while don Genaro, as benefactor, is responsible for demonstrating the nagual (the non-rational, unknown side). He details various techniques used to achieve this, such as “grabbing with his will” to stop internal dialogue, the “right way of walking” to flood the tonal with information, and seemingly nonsensical “joking tasks” to teach acting without expecting rewards. Don Juan also explains how the worthy opponent, La Catalina, was used to force Carlos into choosing the warrior’s path. He emphasizes that the “sorcerers’ explanation” involves understanding that our perceived world is merely a reflection within a “bubble of perception,” which the teacher helps to rearrange and the benefactor helps to open from the outside, allowing access to one’s totality.

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The Sorcerers’ Explanation – The Bubble of Perception

Carlos arrives at Don Genaro’s house and finds don Juan, who playfully teases him. Don Juan then begins a comprehensive recapitulation of his teaching methods, explaining that his role as a teacher has been to “clean and reorder” Carlos’s tonal, while don Genaro’s role as benefactor is to provide direct demonstrations of the nagual. He reveals that his initial “hook” on Carlos involved focusing his will to numb Carlos’s tonal, and that techniques like the “right way of walking” and seemingly nonsensical tasks were designed to stop the internal dialogue and teach acting without expectation of reward. Don Juan emphasizes that erasing personal history, losing self-importance, assuming responsibility, and using death as an adviser were crucial for transforming the tonal. He explains that power plants were used when simpler recommendations failed, serving to temporarily stop the internal dialogue and provide glimpses of the nagual. Finally, he discusses the use of a “worthy opponent,” La Catalina, to force Carlos to choose the warrior’s path. Don Juan explains that the “sorcerers’ explanation” involves understanding the “bubble of perception” – a concept that reveals the perceived world as a reflection of our own attention and description, a bubble that the teacher helps to rearrange and the benefactor opens to reveal the totality of oneself.

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The Sorcerers’ Explanation – The Predilection of Two Warriors

Don Juan and Carlos meet Don Genaro, Pablito, and Nestor for what Don Juan declares will be their last journey together. Don Juan offers a poignant farewell, reminding Carlos of a cherished memory and the warrior’s way of accepting fate. Don Genaro shares a story about warriors facing a death sentence, emphasizing the importance of impeccability when confronting the unknown. As dusk settles, Don Juan and Don Genaro prepare Pablito and Carlos for their final plunge into the unknown, explaining that this is where the “bubble of perception” opens, and one can directly experience their totality as a cluster of feelings. They perform a final demonstration of “swimming” with the earth, revealing the warrior’s ultimate love for the world as the antidote to loneliness and the key to freedom. The chapter concludes with Pablito and Carlos, having bid their farewells, taking a final leap into the unknown, leaving Carlos alone in a new, unquantifiable state of being.

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A Witness to Acts of Power – An Appointment With Knowledge

In this chapter, I unexpectedly find don Juan in Sonora, where he reveals that my true path to sorcerers’ knowledge lies in accumulating personal power, not through hallucinogenic plants or intellectual explanations. We visit a power spot where I am challenged to “see” a mysterious “moth,” which don Juan clarifies is a manifestation of knowledge. Despite my rational attempts to explain away the unsettling encounter, don Juan continually emphasizes the role of personal power, impeccability, and the silencing of internal dialogue in understanding the world of sorcerers. He introduces the concept of the “double,” exemplified by don Genaro’s seemingly impossible appearance, challenging my perceptions of reality and demanding that I embrace the unfathomable nature of existence through experience, rather than solely through reason. The chapter concludes with me witnessing Don Genaro’s “double” in a profound and baffling manner, leaving me with a deep sense of perplexity and a clear imperative to continue cultivating my personal power.

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A Witness to the Acts of Power – The Dreamer and the Dreamed

In this chapter, Don Juan and Don Genaro continued to challenge my rational understanding of reality. Don Juan clarified the concept of the ‘double,’ explaining that Don Genaro had appeared as his double the previous night, an entity born of dreaming that defies conventional physical laws. He emphasized that my struggles with belief stemmed from my reason attempting to confine experiences within its ‘description of the world.’ The core lesson, however, centered on ‘the dreamer and the dreamed,’ a profound notion that ultimately, we ourselves are dreams, dreamed by our own doubles, a mystery of luminous beings that can only be witnessed, not logically explained.

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